The Roots of Rogue (And Roguelikes)
The term “roguelike” itself comes from a genre of games that were designed to be… well, “likeRogue.” But before we can appreciate whyRoguespawned imitators, we need to go back further.
Colossal Cave Adventure(also known simply asAdventure), which was developed by William Crowther and Don Woods between 1975 though 1977, was the first notable text adventure game.
It was mainly popular among programmers and students, as these were the only people with regular computer access at the time.
One of theseAdventurefans was Michael Toy, a computer science student at the University of California at the time. TheAdventuregame engaged him so much that he wanted to develop something similar of his own, but with more variation.
Because once you knew how to beatColossal Cave Adventure, that was it.Adventurewas a static game that played the same every time. Toy wanted a similar experience, but one where even he—as the creator—wouldn’t always be able to win.
This lead to the creation ofRogue:
Michael Toy started work onRoguewith Glenn Wichman, taking advantage of a new-at-the-time software library that allowed them to represent the game world using ASCII text and symbols.
This wasn’t just a graphical update to the word-based gameplay ofColossal Cave AdventureandZorkand others like it; the graphical representation of environments and objects made it possible to randomize level layouts, item locations, monster behavior, etc.
And with that, the magic ofRoguewas born.
The Birth of the First Roguelike Games
Roguewas extremely popular among computer enthusiasts, who were quickly growing in number. This meant that more and more of them wanted to take their own stab at developing similar games.
Related:The best true roguelike games for beginners
For example,Moriawas a take onRoguewith various aspects inspired by the lore and story ofThe Lord of the Rings.Hackwas another take onRogue, except with a greater focus on shops, items, and monster encounters.
All kinds of “roguelike” games came out in the years followingRogue, but they all spun off ofRogue’sapproach.
And for a long time, the best known of theseRogue-inspired ASCII games was one calledNetHack.
As implied by its name,NetHackwas based on the originalHackmentioned above—butNetHackwas uniquely (for the time) open-source. Instead of being developed by one or two creators,NetHackwas a collaboration between many over the internet.
This meant many things, but the biggest benefit was the ability to fix bugs and add new features really quickly.
But one thing was always lacking in roguelikes: true graphics.
Diablo Was Almost a Roguelike Game
Throughout the 1990s, video games—especially PC games—made all kinds of advancements as far as graphical fidelity, texture quality, art styles, and all things visual.
But the evolution of gameplay depth lagged far behind, and many video games continued to deliver shallow experiences.
Even though it would still be many years before the mainstream popularization of roguelike mechanics, it was actually during the 1990s when game developers first began adaptingRogue-inspired gameplay to modern (at the time) video games.
For example, Blizzard’sDiablofound many of its ideas in roguelikes of the times, particularlyMoria. In fact, according to creator David Brevik,Diablowas originally meant to be a turn-based game that played a lot more like the classic roguelikes that inspired him.
While theDiablowe got isn’t a roguelike per se, you can still see the original inspiration: you enter a dungeon, proceed down floor after floor, killing monsters and finding loot, allowing you to dive further until you can kill the big bad boss.
And it wasn’t just Western games that wereRogue-inspired!
In Japan, video games likeShiren the Wandererand the entireMystery Dungeonfranchise took the basic concept of roguelikes, made them look nicer, and added elements of their own—and this was way back in 1995 on the Super Nintendo!
The Roguelite Game Changed Everything
While roguelike games had a lot going for them, they also had some seriously hardcore mechanics that were offputting for a lot of potential players—namely, permadeath.
In any true roguelike game, death is the end of your run. Once you die, you have to start over from the beginning. But because the level layouts are randomized, you can’t practice or memorize your way to success (as you could in, say,Super Mario Bros).
Related:Why I hate playing games with roguelike elements
That’s where the first roguelite (with a “T”) game comes in.
Games likeSpelunkyandFTLtook the difficulty, randomness, and permadeath aspects of roguelikes and ran off in different directions—while they weren’t true roguelikes, they were similar.
But then games likeRogue Legacy,Dead Cells, andCrypt of the NecroDancerkept the “fun” aspects of roguelikes (e.g. procedurally generated content) but threw away the “unfun” aspects (e.g. permadeath).
In these lighter-style games—hence called “roguelites”—you often still have one death per run, and you still have to start over when you die…
…but the difference is that there’s usually some form of “carryover progress” between deaths. You have to start over, but you don’t start overfrom scratch.
One of the most recent examples of a video game that takes the roguelike concept and runs with it isHades. InHades, death is not only a gameplay element but a major element in the game’s narrative. You get stronger with every run, but have plenty of ways to keep the challenge difficulty high.
At the end of the day, roguelite gameplay is a win-win for both developers and players.
For developers, lots of gameplay variation can come out of procedural generation—much more than you can create by hand. For players, procedural generation keeps every run feeling novel, which lends to replayability, and the threat of death maintains the thrill of staying alive and the challenge of making it further.
Roguelike Gameplay Is Here to Stay
In gaming, we often see trends and fads where every developer and publisher seemingly hops onto the same big idea.
For a while, it was the MOBA genre, which exploded in popularity with the success of games likeDota 2andLeague of Legends. More recently, it’s been the battle royale genre, thanks to the money-printing machines known asFortniteandApex Legends.
Both of these trends have hit their peaks and the gaming landscape is slowly moving on. But other trends are way more robust, and they’re so beloved that they’ll never die.
The most glaring example of this is “RPG elements.” At one point, this was a term that every publisher tossed around when marketing their games. Nowadays, we barely think of them as RPG elements—they’re just part of how games work.
If I was a betting man, I’d say that roguelike elements fall into the latter group. Now that Pandora’s box of procedural generation has been opened, there’s no way it can be closed.
Sure, we’re still in a roguelike boom right now, and we might see a gradual move away from it when there’s another trend on the horizon. But the roguelike elements themselves will never go away; like RPG elements, they’ll always be here.
Read next:Unique roguelikes with clever spins on gameplay
